Breast Cancer Pictures Stages

Breast Cancer Pictures Stages.

Based on the association of oncology surgeons in the country, breast cancer survival / survival rate per stage by relying on the average prognosis is as follows:

• Stage 0

10-years survival rate of 98% (non-breast cancer detected by mammography / ultrasound)

• Stage 1

5-years survival rate is around 85%

• Stage 2

5-years survival rate is around 60-70%

• Stage 3

5-years survival rate is around 30-50%

• Stage 4

5-years survival rate is around 15%

 

Breast Cancer Stages Pictures Based On TNM System

During the earlier breast cancer is treatable with surgery intensive where accompanied by removal of bone and muscles around the breast tissue. Treatment measures that are less extreme but still an extensive surgery that had been performed by Halsted as a standard treatment in the late of 19^th century. (Halsted WS. 1895).

Beginning in the mid-20th century, clinicians began to realize that not all breast cancer prognosis and require relatively equal treatment measures. In 1904 an expert from German, dr.Steinthal, proposed the division of breast cancer into 3 (three) levels prognosis: a small tumor, localized to the breast tissue (stage 1), larger tumors that start involving glands axilla (stage II ), and tumors that clearly began to invade the surrounding breast tissue (stage III), (CD Haagensen, 1956). This simple division began refurbished by Grenough, who based distribution with an examination of the specimens using a microscope (RB Greenough, 1925).

System tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) was first developed by Pierre Denoix in 1942, and published to classify cancers based on tumor morphology that will determine the prognosis, the size of the primary tumor (T), presence or involvement tidaknye lymph nodes (N) and the presence of metastasis (M). The International Union Against Cancer (UICC) issued a new classification system based on the TNM in 1958 (International Union Against Cancer, 1858).

For the clinician, this staging system is useful. Due to the staging system can be estimated prognosis. There is a relationship between cancer stage with the 10-years relative survival in breast cancer patients. There are significant differences between stage breast cancer. As many as 5-12% of patients stage stage I / II died in the first 10 years after diagnosis, compared to stage III patients were more than 60%, and more than 90% in patients with stage IV. Breast cancer staging system also provides information about appropriate treatment options by stage (Bland KI, et al. 1998).

Breast Cancer Pictures Stages Table Of Breast Cancer TNM Classification

These breast cancer pictures stages classification table refer to the AJCC cancer staging manual, the 6th edition.

Classification & Definition

Primary Tumor (T)

Tx  : Primary tumor can not be found

To  : There is no evidence of primary tumor

Tis : Carsinoma In Situ

Tis : (DCIS    Ductal Carsinoma In Situ

   Tis (LCIS): Lobular Carsinoma In Situ

   Tis(Paget): Paget's Disease in the absence of tumor

TI  : Tumor size <2cm

   TImic     : Microinfasif >0,1 cm

   Tia       : Tumor >0,1 - <0,5cm

   TIb       : Tumor >0,5 - <1 cm

   Tic       : Tumor >1 - <2 cm

T2  : Tumor >2 - <5 cm

T3  : Tumor >5 cm

T4  : Tumor of any size with the presence of adhesions in the

      thoracic wall or skin.

   T4a       : Attached to the chest wall, excluding 

               M. Pectoralis major.

   T4b       : Edema (including peau d'orange) or ulceration of

               the skin, or satellite nodules in the breast.

   T4c       : The combination of T4a and T4B

   T4d       : Inflammatory carcinoma

Lymph Nodes      

Regional (N)     

Nx  : Regional lymph nodes was not obtained

No  : No metastasis to the lymph nodes

N1  : Lymph node metastasis in ipsilateral axilla, a mobile

N2  : Metastasis in ipsilateral axilla lymph nodes can not be 

      moved (fixed)

N   : Metastasis in infraclavicular lymph nodes, or the internal 

      mammary glands, or supraclavicular lymph node

Metastasis (M)  : Distant metastasis can not be found

Mx              : Distant metastasis can not be found

M0              : No evidence of metastasis

M1              : Obtained M1 organ metastases that have achieved

Breast Cancer Stages Pictures Table Of Clinical Stages TNM Classification

These breast cancer pictures stages classification table refer to the AJCC cancer staging manual, the 6th edition.

Stadium    Tumor Size    Metastasis Lymph Gland   Metastasis Far

0          Tis           N0                       M0

I          TI            N0                       M0

IIa        T0            N1                       M0

           T1            N1                       M0

           T2            N0                       M0

IIb        T2            N1                       M0

           T3            N0                       M0

IIIa       TO            N2                       M0

           T1            N2                       M0

           T2            N2                       M0

           T3            N1, N2                   M0

IIIb       T4            N any                    M0

           T any         N3                       M0

IV         T any         N any                    M1

TNM : Tumor Nodes Metastasis

Explanation from breast cancer pictures stages table above :

• Stage 0

Stage of breast cancer cells remain in the mammary gland, without an invasion into adjacent normal of breast tissue.

• Stage I

Is 2cm or less and clear boundaries (normal lymph nodes).

• Stage IIA

The tumor was not found in the breast, but the cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes, or tumor size of 2 cm or less and has spread to the underarm lymph nodes / aksiller, or tumors larger than 2 cm but not greater than 5cm and has not spread to lymph nodes.

• Stage IIB

Tumors larger than 2 cm, but no greater than 5cm and has spread to the lymph nodes associated with the armpit, or tumors larger than 5cm but has not spread to lymph nodes.

• Stage IIIA

Not found in breast tumors. Cancer is found in axillary lymph nodes are attached together or with other structures, or cancer found in the lymph nodes near the breast bone, or tumor any size where the cancer has spread to the underarm lymph nodes, there was sticking to other structures, or cancer found in the lymph nodes near the breastbone.

• Stage IIIB

Tumors of a certain size and has spread to the chest wall and / or skin of the breast and may have spread to axillary lymph nodes that berlengketan with other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone. Inflammatory breast cancer (berinflamasi) considered at least stage IIIB.

• Stage IIIC

Presence or absence of signs of breast cancer or may have spread to the chest wall and / or skin of the breast and the cancer has spread to lymph nodes either above or below the spine and the cancer may have spread to axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes near the sternum.

• Stage IV

The cancer has spread or metastases to other parts of the body.

That was the discussion of the breast cancer pictures stages, which is gave you more information to recognize and identifying your body better. By knowing how to check by yourself at breast cancer pictures checking technique article, you can avoid and more awareness of the cancer cells or other abnormalities in the beginning that may arise to your body, especially on the part of your breasts naturally.

Breast Cancer Pictures Checking Technique In A Smart Ways

Breast Cancer Pictures Checking Technique.

Although we have not been affected by breast cancer cells, but tests carried out in the first or early detection, especially in the breast is highly recommended to prevent other possibilities that occur that would not we want in the future.

You can do a self-start it if you feel embarrassed examined by others. However, if necessary it would be nice if you use the help of others such as trained medical personnel that are reliable and can be trusted to perform such checks.

OPTIONS IN BREAST CANCER PICTURES CHECKING TECHNIQUE.

Breast Cancer Pictures Checking Technique With Self Examination:

When someone, especially a woman who has reached puberty and began to experience growth in the breasts, the breast self-examination should be done. This provides the opportunity for a woman to understand her body and form good habits for the future will be. Here are 3 ways that can be practiced at home, along with a summary of the three ways.

First Method (By DA Freedman, Petitti DB, Robins JM. 2004)

Every women aged >20 years are advised to perform breast self-examination every month.

And in premenopausal women should undergo after day 5 and day 7 after the menstrual cycle, which at the time of breast tissue density / density becomes lower.

While in patients belonging to the high risk are advised to perform breast self-examination while mid menstrual cycle.

Second Method (By Freedman DA, Petitti DB, Robins JM. 2004)

Breast self-examination is divided into two sections which include inspection and palpation. By using mirror, you can stand in front of the mirror that has been prepared and start breast inspected, while in a standing position with a hand on the side, while both hands pressed to each other, and while both hands are at waist. The asymmetric shape of the breast, a mass, and skin retraction can be detected by using the method this maneuver.

Third Method (By The American Cancer Society)

There are some recommendations from the cancer community, which include breast self-examination by experts using a minimum of once every three years between the ages of 20-39 years.

After age 40 years, breast examination should be performed every year. The doctor in this case need to give instructions to female patients about breast self-examination techniques and advise them to report whether the results of the investigation reveal any masses or other abnormalities.

Well, if you've tried all three ways mentioned above? I can draw conclusions in conducting breast examinations and divide it into several important steps that you might try:

1. Standing in front of the mirror in order to see the breast more clearly.
2. While both hands above his head, check if there are abnormalities in the form of retraction, swelling or redness, inflammation in all parts of both breasts.
3. Repeat with both hands placed on the hips.
4. Palpation of both breasts with fingers, massaging motion, initially check at 12 o'clock, then 2 o'clock until 12 o'clock back again, feel for lumps. Give pressure ranging from superficial skin up to the breast tissue. The method can be used by quadrants and division of breast palpation done carefully. Also needs to be checked (axilary tail) on each breast.
5. Then check out the nipples and the surrounding area. Also need to be pressed gently to see if there is discharge. 
6. And repeat the palpation examination while lying.

Breast Cancer Pictures Checking Technique Using Medical:

Here are described some pictures breast cancer checking technique commonly used by medical personnel at health clinics or in the hospital if you want to get results that are more accurate and reliable:

1. Breast Cancer Pictures Checking Technique Based On Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) Method

The position of the patient's direction and the direction of examination by palpation of the CBE. The picture above shows the lateral part of the breast and the image below shows the medial part of the breast.

Palpation technique. Using your index finger, finger and finger-3-4, make small circular motions.

The emphasis on breast palpation examination. Hand examiner (index finger, finger and finger-3-4) made three circles, while pressing the breast with different intensity (subcutaneous, mid-level and up to the chest wall).

Important note breast cancer pictures checking technique based on CBE method:

In women aged 20-40 years with CBE is recommended to be done every 3 (three) years. For women who receive abnormal CBE recommended executed, so it can be ascertained whether there is likelihood of malignancy of these disorders.

In women with age >40 years, CBE examination needs to be done every year.

2. Breast Cancer Pictures Checking Technique Based On Ultrasonography (USG) Method

If there is a lump in the CBE examination, then further examination is needed by way of using ultrasound or mammography.

Ultrasound is done mainly to prove the cystic mass and solid / solid leads to malignancy, as well as checks on women under the age of 40.
 

3. Breast Cancer Pictures Checking Technique Based On Mammography Method

It is advisable to perform periodic inspections every year for women age >40 years.

Performed on asymptomatic women and women who are asymptomatic (screening opportunistic and organized screening).

Basic checks on the CBE is to use direct inspection (visual) and palpation to locate abnormalities in the breast. Both CBE and mammography can be complementary as the early detection of breast cancer. If the CBE examination found a suspicious lump, it needs to be evaluated further although at the time of mammography test did not find any picture of breast cancer masses.

Sensitivity and spesitifitas CBE also influenced by several factors such as: the inspection (pressure, pattern and palpation), the patient's condition (state nodules and tissue density), and tumor characteristics (depth, mobility and size).