In the event of a delay in the
provision of treatment for people with breast cancer, the treatment measures
sometimes can not provide satisfactory results. Therefore, effective prevention
and has a lower risk / safer would be an important step and better than therapy
using cytotoxic agents and radiation techniques, although it will be effective,
but pointed out can cause a variety of effects addition to its users.
Breast Cancer Pictures Precautionary Program
In general, there are three approaches
that can be used in reducing the level of malignancy of breast cancer, which is
as follows:
Breast Cancer Pictures Precautionary By Reducing The Risk Factor
Breast cancer precautionary by
reducing the risk factor is a good step in reducing the incidence of breast
cancer. Women who belong to the low to medium risk, need to pay attention to
their lifestyle as a healthy lifestyle style has a very important role in
lowering risk of breast cancer.
How that can be taken include:
How that can be taken include:
- Control your weight according to body mass index is normal
- Lowering alcohol consumption
- Lowering consumption of cigarettes
- Reducing radiation exposure
- Exercising in accordance with the condition of the body on a regular basis
Breast Cancer Pictures Precautionary By Using Chemotherapy
- Chemotherapy Using Tamoxifen
Usefulness of tamoxifen in
preventing the development of invasive breast cancer risk in a population with high
risk. Tamoxifen an agent that is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor
modulator that has been widely used in breast cancer therapy.
Use tamoxigen lower cancer
risk by 44% in women aged 49 years or younger, 51% in women aged 50-59 years,
and 55% in women aged 60 years or more. Meanwhile, in women with atypical
hiperlapsia decreased their risk by 86%. Tamoxifen also reduce the risk of
noninvasive cancers by 50% (p <0.002). Although tamoxifen had no effect on
the incidence of ER-negative tumors, apparently tamoxifen reduced the incidence
of ER-positive tumors by up to 69% when compared to the placebo population.
Side effects:
So far the side effects of
tamoxifen can be tolerated, but in some cases can lead to endometrial cancer
and vascular diseases related to the number of events is very rare though. The
symptoms that mimic estrogen deficiency increased by about 5-20% in women
receiving tamoxifen. This is a side effect that is most common in premenopausal
women.
Another side effect is
increased risk of fracture due to decreased bone density, vaginal discharge /
bleeding, increased risk of cataracts with minimal incidence rate.
- Chemotherapy Using Raloxifene
Raloxifene is a selective
estrogen receptor modulator, which works either as agonists or antagonists to
estrogen. This agent has been shown to prevent and treat osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women.
Raloxifene is almost similar
to tamoxifen, which they both have the effect of lowering the risk of
ER-positive tumors.
Side effects:
Raloxifene can be tolerated in
doses of 60mg per day or as directed. Raloxifene can not deal with the symptoms
caused by estrogen deficiency and causes a slight increase in the frequency of
hot flashes. Raloxifene also increases the frequency of vascular disease,
including pulmonary embolism and deep-vein thrombosis.
Raloxifene may lower total
cholesterol levels as much as 6% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by
12%, but did not increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Breast Cancer Pictures Precautionary By Using Surgery For Prophylaxis
- Bilateral Mastectomy
Marsektomi prophylaxis has
been identified as a potential approach to reduce the risk of breast cancer. In
a cohort study with analysis of 639 women with a high risk of breast cancer,
bilateral mastectomy can reduce the death rate from breast cancer by 90%.
Although many women who have
prophylactic mastectomy, but 5 to 20% reported dissatisfaction, especially in
the absence of sensation in the nipples. Prophylactic mastectomy is the right
choice for women who include daslam high-risk groups.
- Bilateral Oophorectomy
Based on the observational
studies, the transactions are carried out bilateral oophorectomy before the age
of menopause, it can reduce cancer risk by 22-50% in the breast. However, in another study, said
that the action was not significantly related to the risk of contralateral
breast cancer. In women who have BRCA 1 genetic mutation carriers, bilateral
oophorektomi associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer by 50%.
Meanwhile, in women with a
genetic mutation in the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2, which are at high risk for ovarian
cancer, said that the surgery be oophorektomi lowers the risk by 50%. Although
further research is needed, bilateral oophorektomi may be an option for
premenopausal women with a high risk of breast cancer.
The conclusion?
The conclusion of the
discussion of breast cancer pictures precautionary above are:
- By doing primary prevention
- Promotion of healthy lifestyles and education
- Avoiding risk factors (family history, no children, no breastfeeding, history of previous benign tumor, obesity, high-fat eating habits, but less fiber, active and passive smokers, the use of hormonal drugs for >5years).
- With Perform Secondary Prevention
- Realize the breast cancer pictures precautionary
- Clinical breast examination (CBE / Clinical Breast Examination), to find a lump, measuring less than 1 cm.
- Ultrasound, to determine the boundaries of a tumor of this type of tumor
- Mammography, for the detection of abnormalities before any symptoms of the tumor and the presence of malignancy
- By doing tertiary prevention
- Hospital services (diagnosis and treatment)
- Palliative care
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